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Ladakh as a holistic community

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Alasdair Macintyre (176) defines internal goods as those things which are beneficial to all individuals, while external goods are defined as those goods which are beneficial primarily to those individuals who possess them. This concept of good correlates exactly with the reality of pre-1970 Ladakh, a society that was very much communitarian in nature (Norberg-Hodge 3). The people in pre-1970 Ladakh were sustained by the produce of local agriculture, with no dependence for sustenance on imports from afar. The community was holistic to the point that a problem for one was, in effect, a problem for all. The result was that community resources were applied to the solution of individual problems. Thus, in pre-1970 Ladakh, external goods were few, but internal goods were many.

Macintyre asserted that, to the extent possible, uncertainty and unpredictability must be eliminated from the political aspect of society through the introduction of consistency and coherency. Consistency is to be obtained through the recognition and adherence to an enduring set of values, or virtues. Pre-1970 Ladakh adhered to the enduring values and virtues of Buddhism. Coherency, thus, according to Macintyre is to be obtained through a "coherent and complex form of socially established cooperative human activity through which goods internal to that form of activity are realized" (175). This type of society is exactly the type of society that prevailed in pre-1970 Ladakh. It was truly a comm

. . .
ecome dependent upon external and distant sources for food. 2. In the process, Ladakh's local agricultural resources will die, as they will not be able to compete with the products from the outside, as those outside products initially will be subsidized by the Indian government. 3. As a consequence of the loss of local agriculture, societal role and function will be lost for many Ladakhi. 4. With the loss of social role and function will come social dissention between members of Ladakhi society, especially so in relation to the Buddhist and Muslim population groups within Ladakh. 5. Ladakhi culture will be undermined, as globalization seeks to homogenize and harmonize Ladakh's society with Western values and culture. 6. Poverty, a concept not previously recognized by Ladakhi as applicable to their society, will become a reality to the Ladakhi as large-scale capitalism introduces inequities into Ladakh's society. 7. Pollution will be introduced into the physical environment of Ladakh as motorize transport within, to, and from Ladakh increases, and as the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers within Ladakh increases. 8. The enduring sense of community with Ladakhi society will be lost as Western capitalism strengt
. . .

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Approximate Word count = 1475
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)

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