tons creates a large pH gradient across the membrane, and an electrical potential is generated by the separation of charged ions. The proton gradient is used to generate ATP. A protein in the inner membrane allows the protons to travel down the gradient into the inner compartment, and the energy passage of each proton is used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. Electrons from NADH result in the production of 3ATP. FADH2 enters part of the way down the electron transport chain and is converted into two ATP. The electrons of the two NADH produced by glycolysis are usually transported to FAD in the mitochondrion, giving another 4 ATP per glucose. The balance sheet for aerobic respiration is:
Glycolysis substrate-level phosphorylation 2 ATP
Glycolysis NADH conversion 4 ATP
Krebs cycle substrate-level phosphorylation 2 ATP
Electron transport phosphorylation of NADH 24 ATP
Electron transport phosphorylation of FADH2 4 ATP
Applegate, Edith. The Anatomy and Physiol
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