stee, the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The 1988 act is one such example, and it places restrictions on tribes that are not imposed on state gaming operations. It ensures that tribal governments are the sole owners and primary beneficiaries of gaming, and it further states that tribes may not conduct casino-type gambling without a valid tribal state compact regulating such issues as what games are played and the percentage of payoffs (Magnuson, 1994, 169-170).
Indians faced reduced circumstances during the Reagan-Bush era, which was also the era in which Indian gaming took hold. Funds for education programs dipped only slightly during this era, but funds for other programs dropped greatly. In 1980, the National Health Service Corps sent 155 physicians to reservations, and in 1990 it would send only 7. Housing and Urban Development had authorized 6,000 new units of Indian housing during Carter's last year as president, and it was building only 1,500 new units by 1988. Other programs were similarly slashed or el
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