Water and Energy Use
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Many contemporary natural resource problems are attributable to consumption practices that are both wasteful and polluting (Berger, 1985, p. 74). Two natural resource problem areas characterized by a particular cogency in the mid-1990s are water and energy--both electrical energy and the use of fossil fuels to generate forms of energy other than electrical. Wasteful and polluting use practices lead to reductions in the supply of usable water, as well as to increased costs associated with the maintenance of water resources and the delivery of usable water to consumers. Wasteful and polluting practices lead to similar outcomes in relation to energy. Wasteful uses of energy supplies lead to both supply shortages and to increased costs. Polluting uses of energy and the use of polluting practices in the conversion of fossil fuels to usable forms of energy lead to energy supply reductions and increased costs when legal restraints are placed on such practices. Polluting practices related to both the use of energy and the conversion of fossil fuels into usable forms of energy also frequently lead to adverse effects on water supplies.Wasteful and polluting water and energy use practices are the result, at least in part, of both individual and societal attitudes toward the protection and use of natural resources, and in turn to the behavioral habits that have ensued from these attitudes. This study examined the relationship between consumer attitudes a
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utweigh the potential long-term adverse effects of groundwater contamination in the minds of some people (Johnson, 1991, pp. 1063-1073). Thus, for most politicians and public administrators, short-term expediency may be expected to prevail over long-term imperatives.
Hotel operators are being required to confront water and energy conservation issues in the 1990s. In San Francisco, the dramatic increases in water prices caused the cost for water to the San Francisco Hilton Hotel to increase to $465,000 in 1992 from $410,000 in 1988, although water conservation efforts by the hotel had reduced water consumption by 30 percent--from 239 gallons per room to 186 gallons per room (Jesitus, 1992, pp. 45-46). Additionally, some jurisdictions, notably many within California, are imposing pecuniary penalties on firms and households that do not curtail water use (Seal, 1991, pp. 3, 54).
The International Hotels Environment Initiative (IHEI) was formed in Europe, and has spread to the United States (Baum, 1993, p. 20). The initiative recruits hotels in Europe, North America, and Asia, and provides member hotels with checklists to promote waste reduction, energy and water conservation, and other environmentally-related objectives. Hilt
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Approximate Word count = 9616
Approximate Pages = 38 (250 words per page)
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