to social influence, followed in order by the interactionist model and the organismic.
The organismic model posits that "social influences enter in only to elicit feeling, and to regulate expression" (Hochschild, p. 119). The interactionist model builds on the base of the organismic model to posit that social factors "enter not simply before and after but interactively during the experience of emotion" (p. 119). Thus, the interactionist model recognizes more "points of social entry" than are recognized by the organismic model (p. 119). According to the interactionist model, other social factors help to shape feeling as feeling is being experienced by a person (Gordon, 1985, p. 130). As emotions are conceived in the interactionist model, social forces provide shape to biological sensations, thereby creating "a strip of experience with a name, a history, a meaning, and a consequence of a certain sort" (Hochschild, p. 120).
The social constructionist model of emotions posits that biological sensations have no causative role in the creation of emotions (Hochschild, p. 120). Feeling, according to the social constructionist model of emotions, "is entirely constituted by social influences" (Hochschild, p. 120).
The organismic model and the social constructionist model, therefore, are the polar opposites on the continuum of the theory of emotions. The interactionist model occupies a middle ground on this continuum with a recognition of both biological and social factors as causes of emotions, and an assumption that the biological and social factors interact with one another.
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