has been used to justify changes in European laws and constitutions and has been the basis for the forced repatriation of Vietnamese boat people by Hong Kong's British government, something the United States has also done with Haitian immigrants. What results is second-class status for immigrants with little recourse to the law: "Immigrants, even if they acquire legal rights to residence, have fewer rights than resident populations. Often, their presence is conditional on good behavior, they cannot vote, and they may not receive social benefits" (Sutcliffe and O'Kane 8-9). These immigrants, "at worst... may fall into the black hole of human rights that has developed at the borders of the main receiving countries" (Sutcliffe and O'Ka
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