Organic Chemistry

largely pure carbon . The most common variety, wood charcoal, was formerly prepared

by piling wood into stacks, covering it with earth or turf, and setting it on fire. In this

process volatile compounds in the wood (e.g., water) pass off as vapors into the air,

some of the carbon is consumed as fuel, and the rest of the carbon is converted into

charcoal. In the modern method, wood is raised to a high temperature in an iron retort,

and industrially important byproducts, e.g., methanol (wood alcohol), acetone, and

acetic acid, are saved by condensing them to their liquid form. Charcoal, being almost

pure carbon, yields a larger amount of heat in proportion to its volume than is obtained

from a corresponding quantity of wood; as a fuel it has the further advantage of being

smokeless. Charcoal is also obtained from substances other than wood; that obtained

from bones is called bone black, animal black, or animal charcoal. Because of its

porous structure, finely divided charcoal is a highly efficient agent for filtering the

adsorption of gases and of solids from solution. It is used in sugar refining, in water

purification, in the purification of factory air, and in gas masks. By special heating or

chemical processes the adsorptive

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Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page)

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