gy costs (because less scrap had to be remelted and reformed into sheets) as well as the loss of a considerable number of jobs.
That Taylor should have begun his scholarly work by examining the workings of a steel factory should not be surprising: In 1878, when he was 22, he himself had begun working at the Midvale Steel Company, where he soon became a foreman and began to devise methods for Midvale to increase efficiency - performing his first time-and-motion studies and indeed coining this term, as Wrege (1991) summarizes. A trained engineer, Taylor also developed (with another engineer) a new method of tempering steel that is still used today.
While his earliest work focused on the ways in which workers could use materials more efficiently, he quickly moved on to the ways in which managers could use workers more
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