ry out the processes.
For each result a company wishes to achieve, management must create a well-developed, comprehensive plan that includes a timetable for specific objectives. Whether the system for which the result is desired is an organization, department, business or project, the basic planning process typically includes similar activities carried out in similar sequence. The complexity of the various phases depends on the scope of the system. For example, in a large corporation such as Aramark Corp., the following phases would be carried out in the corporate offices, in each division, in each department, in each management group:
During planning, management must identify the overall purpose or result that the plan is to achieve. For example, McNamara notes that during strategic planning, it is critical to reference the mission, or overall purpose, of the organization.
Management must then "take stock" of all the resources at its
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