E1. The English word "angel" is derived from the Latin word "angelus" that was, in turn, derived from the Greek word "angelos" (Wilson). The English language itself is based on the Greek alphabet and relies on Greek for much of its basic vocabulary. Greek was the language of the Christian church when it was first introduced to England in 597 and many words came directly from the Greek, e.g. ecclesiastical from the Greek ekklesia, originally meaning an Athenian assembly. During the Renaissance, the classicists tried to enrich the English language with more Greek words such as lexicon and chaos, climax and crisis. Modern science also is influenced by Greek words: the metric system uses Greek prefixes centi, deci, deka, kilo etc. Anatomical and botanical names are Greek or a Latin-Greek hybrids. The names of elements in the periodic table come from the Greek, as do many medical terms, e.g. pediatrician form the Greek paidos, meaning child. Grammatical terms also stem from the Greek, e.g. such concepts as article, noun, adjective. Borrowing is obviously extremely important to the development of lexicon in some languages. In some cases, words are borrowed when there is no word in the language with an equivalent meaning. In this case, it is also legitimate.
E2. Syntax, also of Greek origin, (syn meaning together, and taxis meaning sequence/order) (Syntax). It is the study of rules, or patterned relationships, governing the way in which words in sentences are put together, i.e. the order in which the words are placed so the sentence makes sense and is grammatically correct. All syntax theories have two elements: subunits are grouped hierarchically into constituent units known as phrases, and the theories supply a system of rules to explain patterns which are either grammatically correct or incorrect.
While theoretical linguistic techniques such as morphology, phonetics and phonology look at the structure of words and ho...