by a culture to adults. Psychologically, an individual is an adult, when the individual perceives herself or himself to be essentially responsible for her or his own life.
Andragogy is the art and science of helping adults learn. Pedagogy, by contrast, is the art and science of teaching children to learn. The two definitions highlight a major difference between the two approaches to education. Andragogy helps one to learn, while pedagogy teaches one to learn. Other basic differences between the two approaches are also recognized (Reagan, 1989). Although the differences between the two approaches to learning are recognized, many educators continue to apply the theories and principles of pedagogy in their teaching methodologies, regardless of the type of learners involved. This refusal to approach adult learning through an andragogical process leads to significant problems in adult education (Podeschi, 1987).
Adult education is a multifaceted process, which encompasses a vari
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