s of immigrants. (Sowell, 1995, p. 61)
International migrations, according to Sowell (1995), have become a less effective way of transferring human capital and a more effective way of exporting social problems. If these contentions are correct then
à a fundamental change in the function of immigration has taken place. Migrants now benefit their native country by garnering human and economic capital abroad, often with the forthright encouragement of their native governments. The principal gainers from migration may no longer be the destination countries, but the countries of origin. Once escapees of their native countries, immigrants have now become expatriate members of their nations. (Weiner, 1996, p. 131)
Many countries of origin clearly see the benefits of migration and actively export their citizens. Several governments, by way of illustration, have created training programs to help their citizens compete for jobs in other countries.
Some Arab states à are so eager to export their citizens à that they are reluctant to assume the traditional com
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