Oakland: Urban Blacks and Privileged Whites
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Taking as the point of departure ethnic and economic cleavages between poor urban blacks and privileged whites in Oakland, Calif., American Babylon develops the idea that politicization of urban blacks came about in a context of white flight on one hand and ghettoization and impoverishment of inner cities on the other. His premise is that out of the dynamic of bad urban public policy and the Civil Rights Movement, there evolved the ethos of black empowerment, black power, and the Black Panther Party, which stressed the reality of and responses to racially based economic cleavages.The Movement in the South demanded black dignity. In cities, white flight to metropolitan suburbs fostered industrialization there, inner cities becoming more segregated and economically deprived. White flight did not free urban space but created "urban renewal" public works rather than enlarging housing opportunities; nationally after World War II the USA had unprecedented prosperity. In cities like Oakland, minorities tried to claim political and social goods associated with development. These dynamics operated "side by side" (Self, 2003, p. 1), but the focus of Civil Rights history has been on th
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 797
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page)
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