nd color. It is important to set Descartes' theory of matter beside his more comprehensive theory of mind and his dualistic vision of reality as an encounter between body and mind.
Democritus' view that atoms are the basic and actually only reality and that the atoms never change, making perceived reality (the compounding of atoms) an illusion, is in the background of Hobbes's materialism, which holds that matter in motion is the basic ontological unit, or that matter in motion = reality at its most fundamental. Marx's version of materialism begins as a critique of idealism, which he blames for constructing substitutes for the hard reality of material processes and thus diverting humanity's attention away from their own direct experience. Further, with material (which equals social and political and economic) reality set up as a philosophical principle, Marx aims to transform that reality, or the material conditions of existence, via revolution.
5. How does Karl Marx apply the idea of the dialectic in his theory as to how cultures progress from pri
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