The issue of cosmology
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The issue of cosmology involves the study of the universe and how it came into existence, as well as in what direction it may be evolving now. Our ideas of the cosmology of the universe have changed greatly in recent years, but the essential question remains whether the universe will expand forever or will eventually fall back upon itself. This issue has to do with the question of whether or not there is sufficient matter in the universe to cause it to fall back on itself, and to date not enough matter has been found. Cosmology is not just an issue for science, for it has long been a central question in philosophy and religion as well. All these disciplines are trying to answer certain basic questions about why the universe exists, from what it is made, and what force brought it into being. This can lead to associated questions, such as what existed before the creation of the universe, and what will be the fate of the universe at some distant point in time. In one sense, these disciplines are depicted as competing, with science offering one answer, philosophy another, and theology still a third. In a different sense, though, they are complementary. For instance, science traces the beginning of the universe back to an event called the Big Bang, and scientists believe they can find empirical evidence for this event and for the processes involved in the first moments of creation. However, they have no way of determining what existed just before the Big Ban
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y of the universe is above the critical value, the gravitational pull of the universe will be sufficient to stop the expansion of the universe eventually and cause it to contract; this is the closed universe prediction. If the density of the universe is below the critical point, the universe will continue to expand forever; this is the open universe theory. Experiments on the production of deuterium and other light elements produced by the Big Bang show that all the normal matter that enters into nuclear reactions could provide only 10 percent of the gravitational pull necessary to stop the expansion. There is simply not enough normal matter to close the universe, and if the universe is made up only of normal matter, it will continue to expand forever. However, even the amount of matter implied by these experiments, though not enough to close the universe, was still more than the amount of matter that can be seen. This is another indication that there is dark matter that does not produce radiation we can detect (Lederman and Schramm 150).
Yet, the fact that this aspect of the theory has not yet been proved does not negate the theory itself. For that matter, the acceptance of the scientific paradigm does not mean the negatio
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Approximate Word count = 2716
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)
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