Technology and Pornography
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New telephone information technology has created commercial opportunities for business and has enhanced information services for consumers through innovations such as autodialed calls, fax machines, pay-per-call or audiotext (900-number) services, and caller identification services. The same technology also has created new ways to commit telemarketing fraud and decreased individual privacy through the disclosure of telephone numbers, and the compilation of credit, buying, and other personal information in databases. In addition, it has created a new way to sell pornography to people who might otherwise not have access to it. It is this latter 900-number usage that has caused great controversy. The debate over the value of pornographic expression has wide implications. Proponents of the arts defend pornography as a means of expression that gives rise to an alternative vision of the world, far removed from the mainstream notions of morality and sexual propriety. Feminist groups attack pornography with empirical evidence that the consumption of some sexually explicit materials leads to the degradation of women, which sometimes explodes into acts of sexual violence. Other critics assert that pornography is not a form of speech at all, but a sexual aid that does not concern the first amendment. Recently, three presidential commissions have conducted investigations on the impact of pornography on society. The Supreme Court has struggled to create meaningful distinctions
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c value. Obscenity is not a static concept, and the Supreme Court approved the concept of "variable obscenity" by holding that legislation may constitutionally adjust the definition of obscenity to "social reality."
Supreme Court Justice Scalia makes a distinction between what is obscene and what is pornographic. According to Scalia, with respect to governmental attempts to deal with pornography through creative means, such as zoning laws, a business that is devoted to the sale of highly explicit sexual material can be found to be engaged in the marketing of obscenity, even though each book or film it sells might, in isolation, be considered merely pornographic and not obscene. Furthermore, a merchant who concentrates upon the sale of such works is engaged in the business of obscenity, which may be entirely prohibited and therefore licensed as required in that locality. According to Scalia, Ginzburg v. United States, along with Miller establishes that the Constitution does not require a State or municipality to permit a business that intentionally specializes in, and holds itself forth to the public as specializing in, performance or portrayal of sex acts, sexual organs in a state of arousal, or live human nudity.
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2509
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)
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