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Surrealism in Literature & the Arts

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Chilean poet Pablo Neruda was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1971. His particular passion is love poetry. In his early poetry, he was given to the use of nature imagery and wrote in a personal way characterized by a melancholy view of the world and a preoccupation with unrequited love. In later works, he moved more into surrealism, employing a freer style and surreal imagery. One of his most celebrated works is also the culmination of his move into surrealism--Residence on Earth in 1933. The poems in this work are anguished and filled with despair, structured on surreal images of nature. The attitude expressed in the poems may have been the result of the poet's own sense of loneliness at the time.

Surrealism is a movement in literature and in the arts which began with a manifesto. The movement originated in France in the 1920s:

The surrealists attempted to express in art and literature the workings of the unconscious mind and to synthesize these workings with the conscious mind. The surrealist allows his work to develop non-logically (rather than illogically) so that the results represent the operations of the unconscious (Cuddon 936).

Surrealism developed first as a means of artistic expression and was described by manifestoes from Salvador Dali and others. The concepts underlying surrealism existed in the atmosphere of the time, and the period after World War I saw a new poetry using surrealist principles. Among the poets of the time were Breton, Paul

. . .
ern imagination with the jerky imagination, which starts forward, stops, turns around, switches from subject to subject. In Neruda's poems, the imagination drives forward, joining the entire poem in a rising flow of imaginative energy. In the underworld of the consciousness, in the thickets where Freud, standing a short distance off, pointed out incest bushes, murder trees, half-buried primitive altars, and unburied bodies, Neruda's imagination moves with utter assurance, sweeping from one spot to another almost magically (Wright and Bly 15). Much of Neruda's poetry presents a sense of conflict between Latin America and the north, a conflict that is more ethnic than regional or even ideological. It is a conflict that Neruda sees as beginning with the coming of the European to the New World. In discussing Neruda's poetry, Gordon Brotherston notes the divisiveness between Latin and Saxon American as well as a division between Latin and Indian America. Brotherston sees Neruda as attempting to be an American poet and sometimes a Latin American poet. This is evident in his epic work Canto general, and in one section he refers to the American Veteran of World War II: [He returns home] only to find it plagued with unwelcome gues
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
America Neruda, Song Despair, Prize Literature, Dead Gallop, AndrT Breton, Aragon Dada, North America, Canto Agosin, War II, North Americans, mode expression, north america, pablo neruda, neruda's poetry, latin american, world war, absence chile, gifted writers, funk wagnalls, surrealistic poetry,
Approximate Word count = 1548
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)

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