The decision about whether to tighten or loosen restrictions on immigration should be based on economics. The key issue is the extent of immigrant contribution to the economy. In the past, U.S. policy on immigration has often been inconsistent and contradictory. Whereas, many Americans recognize the benefits of immigration, an increasing number do not. Consequently, immigration has been blamed for many of this country's ills ranging from the increased burden on social services to decreased employment opportunities for native-born Americans. As one social scientist puts it, "The conflicting views and attitudes about immigration explain America's inability to devise and execute a coherent immigration policy" (Reimers, 1985, p. 252). It is time for the United States to set forth clear policies regarding this hotly debated issue.
An estimated 550,000 immigrants gain entry to the United States annually (Reimers, 1985, p. 250). They enter the country by a variety of means. Legal immigrants are considered permanent resident aliens, and are permitted to remain in the United States indefinitely. They carry resident alien green cards. After living in the States for a number of years, they can opt to become naturalized citizens if they so desire. During the 1980s, an estimated 6.3 million legal aliens were granted residency in the United States (Miller, 1992, p. 71). In contrast to permanent resident aliens are nonimmigrant aliens who are allowed to enter the country legally for a specified purpose on a temporary basis. Nonimmigrant aliens include students, tourists, and diplomats. They are granted visas during their temporary stays. The United States admits approximately 8 million nonimmigrant aliens annually (North, 1983, p. 270). Another classification of alien is the refugee. The American government permits refugees to enter to escape political oppression in their native lands and to apply for permanent resident alien ...