r viscosities require longer time periods for liquids to traverse given vessel lengths. This is consequently reflected in decreased in flow rates. Although blood viscosity is derived primarily from the red corpuscles, it can also be influenced by blood plasma proteins. Thus, changes in composition can alter blood viscosity. Furthermore, although blood behaves as a Newtonian fluid in the larger vessels, its viscosity may change with velocity in the smaller ones. Thus, while mathematical equations may be useful for delineating the general relationships between blood pressure, vessel diameter, vessel length, blood viscosity, and blood flow, they do not exactly describe the behavior of biological systems (Detweiler, 1979, pp. 3 13, 3 191).
B. Use the Starling Curve to explain the relationship between left ventricular end diastolic volume and cardiac output. Relate to persons with congestive heart failure, the inotropic effects of digitalis, and the volume reducing effects of diuretics.
A series of electrical and mechanical events known as the "cardiac cycle" t
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