The Arthurian Tradition in Literature
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The purpose of this research is to examine the continuation of the Arthurian tradition established in Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, particularly in the story line dealing with the quest for the Holy Grail, in the post-medieval juvenile novel Over Sea, Under Stone by Susan Cooper. The plan of the research will be to set forth the Grail story line in Malory's work, and then to note similarities and differences in Cooper's treatment, with a view toward suggesting the purpose Cooper had in using the Arthurian legend in her book. To discuss the quest for the Holy Grail in Malory is to discuss the principal feature of moral content in the narrative that legitimates the entire environment of chivalric adventurism. As Malory's tale makes plain, the pull of priorities among affairs of the heart, assorted court intrigues, and the persistence of the need to reclaim the Holy Grail for the crown of England. The quest for the Grail is the basis for divine sanction of Arthur's court, symbolizing the moral obligation and the potentiality for direct religious experience entailed by the responsibilty of finding the provenance of the faith shared by the whole of Christian Europe through the fifteenth century. The sacramental nature of the Grail is essential to understand as the basis for the blessedness of Arthur's court in general and the potential for blessedness of individual knights in particular. The terms of chivalric romance vary with narrative edition. The edition of Malory (1969)
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uthority of the Roman Church in ecclesiastical life in Britain. Bede recites stories of biblelike miracles wrought by English bishops, of priests invested by pious English kings "of wide learning" (289), of apocalyptic tales whose moral rests on the willingness to behave with "simple disposition and self-restraint" (289) under English custom. Bede is at pains to show the continuity and development of ecclesiastical and spiritual history in Britain, from the time of the first Roman invasions. The cultural line is clear, from Caesar to Jesus to Augustine to Theodore to Bede, as clear as the line of succession of the popes in Rome. Indeed, Bede implies that his intent is to show such spiritual continuity, in his summary chronology, which begins, as he notes, with "the sixtieth year before the Incarnation of our Lord" (325). To put it another way, the ecclesiastical history of England, even in its pre-Christian, pagan period, is chronicled in terms of the emergence Roman Christianity as the legitimate heir of Imperial Roman hegemony throughout the known world.
By the time of chivalric romance in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the prevailing view of orthodoxy had changed. Waite cites historical evidence that, during the
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Grail Celtic, Holy Grail, Indeed Catholic, Sea Stone, Grail Quest, Islam Crusades, Great-Uncle Merry, Percival Galahad, Le Morte, Uncle Merry, holy grail, arthurian legend, le morte d'arthur, morte d'arthur, sea stone, round table, le morte, chivalric romance, arthurian romance, king arthur, celtic culture, malory's le morte, quest holy grail, specifically celtic myth, celtic myth heroes,
Approximate Word count = 4245
Approximate Pages = 17 (250 words per page)
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