U.S.-Haitian Agreement
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After a long and difficult day of negotiations with Haiti's military rulers in September 1994, former President Jimmy Carter excused himself from dinner with some Haitian business people, withdrew to his hotel suite, and began typing the first draft of what later became the American agreement for the dissolution of Haiti's military regime. Carter never cleared his proposal with President Clinton. For that matter, the White House did not even know it existed until the following morning, almost half a day after Carter offered the proposal to the Haitian military. By then, Lieutenant General Raoul Cedras had already accepted the proposal as a basis for agreement. The transition from military to civilian rule had begun under uncertain terms. The purpose of this research is to examine the events that led up to the Haitian crisis and the United States/Haitian agreement that now serves as the framework for civilian rule. A brief discussion of Haiti's unique social history will help set the stage for understanding the political instability of the country. An analysis of the relationship between the United States and Haiti further depicts some additional obstacles to civilian government and presents the interests and likely problems of the United States in establishing a Haitian democracy. Haiti's socio-political development has historically run through cycles of stagnation and oppression marked by explosively violent clashes. Conflicts between the pr
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ial tendencies. By 1960, virtually all of the nation's labor leaders were imprisoned.
Finally, Pap Doc had to get the whole army firmly obedient to ensure total control. With the advice of a close advisor, Clement Barbot, the Duvalier regime plotted a three-point plan to ensure military support for the government. First, Duvalier established a Palace Guard of elite forces screened for their loyalty to protect the president. Second, the nation's entire weaponry was transferred from the traditional Dessalines barracks of the army to the palace and the Palace Guard. Third, Barbot initiated a recruitment program for a professional militia accountable only to Duvalier. The professional militia combined the gangster cagoulards with other well-armed loyalists into a force known as the "Toutons Macoutes." By providing the Toutons Macoutes with extremely generous salaries and benefits, and arming them with the nation's weaponry, the Duvalier regime created a powerful instrument for state repression of any and all dissent against Duvalier.
The United States was initially hesitant to support the Duvalier regime. But with communism firmly taking hold in Cuba, and threatening to spread to other nations in the region, Duvalier played h
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Treaty Ryswick, Toutons Macoutes, American-led UN, United Nations, President Clinton, Raoul Cedras, Pap Doc, Aristide Aristide, National Bank, Woodrow Wilson, united nations, president clinton, baby doc, duvalier regime, bellegarde-smith 1990, national bank, cedras regime, latin american, black market, political instability, latin american countries, conflicts privileged elite, privileged elite impoverished, ribadeneira 1994 5, afford black market,
Approximate Word count = 3909
Approximate Pages = 16 (250 words per page)
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