Anxiety disorders

A certain level of anxiety is normal in all individuals in response to certain stimuli. During times of stress, anxiety produces physiological changes that facilitate adaptive performance levels. If anxiety reaches the problem stage, it can negatively influence an individual's daily functioning.

Problem anxiety is characterized by three hallmarks: irrationality, paralysis, and intensity. If an individual's anxiety rages out of proportion to the reality of the danger, it is irrational. For instance, a veteran of the Persian Gulf War is repeatedly awakened to recurrent nightmares in which she relives her tour of duty. Anxiety that is unproductive and stymies action creates paralysis. An example is an individual who fears public speaking and thus avoids all group discussions. When an individual becomes dominated by his or her anxiety, the disorder progresses to the final hallmark--intensity (Seligman, 1994, p. 41).

In making a diagnosis of anxiety, clinicians look for three components: behavioral factors, physical symptoms, and worrying thoughts. The most common behavioral disturbance is avoidance or escape. Behavioral impairment also

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of the attacks varies widely, ranging from daily to monthly. Limited-symptom attacks, in which the individual experiences some, but not all, the criteria of a true Panic Attack are also frequently reported. Individuals with Panic Disorder often worry about their Panic Attacks and the implications on their social standing, family relationships, or employment. One of the associated features of Panic Disorder is generalized anxiety. An individual may become overly concerned about the outcome of routine events, particularly those related to his or her health. Many have difficulty taking medication and are less tolerant to the side effects of certain medications. The individual may become convinced that his or her health status is deteriorating, despite frequent visits to healthcare facilities. The individual afflicted with Panic Disorder may find it difficult to continue normal, daily activities. Skipped appointments, tardiness, and absenteeism are common. As a result, social and interpersonal relationships are often disrupted. This further demoralizes the individual and exacerbates the difficulties in coping with life's situations. Another frequently associated feature of Panic Disorder is depression. According to Morriso
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