Role of T, B, & Plasma Cells in the Central Nervous System

The Role of T, B, and Plasma Cells in the Central Nervous System, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Peripheral Blood, and Tissues

i. Cellular immunity.

i. Humoral immunity.

c. Cellular immunity versus humoral immunity.

E. B cell-mediated autoimmune disease.

The Role of T, B, and Plasma Cells in the Central Nervous System, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Peripheral Blood, and Tissues

The immune system protects the body from invading microorganisms and toxins. Its two major components include the T and B lymphocytes. T lymphocytes provide a cellular protection; whereas, B lymphocytes mediate humoral immunity. Physiologic control of the immune system results in tolerance. This phenomenon prevents the lymphocytes from targeting host tissues. An impairment of tolerance can have pathologic consequences.

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and heavy chains. This organization produces a specific steric shape for each different antigen. When the right antigen comes in contact with this shape, the "prosthetic radicals of the antigen fit as a mirror image with those of the antibody, thus allowing a rapid and tight chemical bond between the antibody and the antigen (6:405-413)." In addition, most antibodies are bivalent (i.e., they have two identical sides). Antibodies can destroy invading agents in a variety of ways. Due to the bivalent nature of antibodies, as well as the multiple antigen sites on most invading agents, the proteins may cause agglutination, precipitation, neutralization, and lysis. Agglutination involves the clumping together of multiple antigenic substances. In contrast, precipitation occurs when the antigen-antibody complex comes out of solution. Neutralization is the covering of an antigenic agent's toxic sites with antibody. Also, lysis requires a direct attack by very potent antibodies. Such an attack can compromise the membranes of cellular agents and ultimately cause them to rupture. In addition, antibodies may act against invading agents through a process known as opsonization. When the proteins attach to the surface of an agent the

Category: Medical - R