Events of Bloody Sunday in 1920 Ireland This paper will

This paper will discuss the events of November 21, 1920, in Dublin, Ireland, popularly known as "Bloody Sunday." The first part of the paper will describe what happened on that day: the assassination of British officers by the Irish Republican Army and the reprisal of the Black and Tans that afternoon. The second part of the paper will examine the political background to the events and the general political goals of the IRA in carrying out the attacks. The third part of the paper will discuss the strategic implications of the attack, including whether the attack accomplished both its tactical and strategic goals.

On November 17, 1920, Dick McKee, a commandant of the Dublin Brigade of the Volunteers (or Irish Republican Army), and his second-in-command, Peadar Clancy, were ordered by Michael Collins to prepare an operation which would eliminate a group of British Army officers who were said to be part of a secret service unit carrying out an effective counterinsurgency campaign against the IRA in Dublin. Collins was probably the most powerful member of the IRA at that time and had established a very effective intelligence network in Dublin. The attack was to be carried out on Sunday morning, November 21. McKee and Clancy, however, were captured by police the night before the operation and Collins was unable to determine whether they had been forced to talk. Taking a chance, he issued orders early on the morning of the 21st to careful

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he country and maintaining order. Consequently, the power of the IRA grew between 1914 and 1920, by which time the IRA had already won the "hearts and minds" of the Irish people. By 1919, the leaders of the underground movement felt confident enough of their power to launch the war of independence and declare the establishment of the Irish Republic. Severely damaged during the 1916 uprising, the underground was reconstructed by Michael Collins, through his contacts in the IRB, and Cathal Brugha, though the larger body of volunteers, between 1916 and 1919. Collins came to dominate the Supreme Council of the IRB, although control of the IRA eventually passed to the General Headquarters (GHQ) Staff. Collins, however, remained in effective command of the operations and the intelligence branch. The IRA had originally been intended to be a national force under a central command. Its organization was originally modelled after that of the British Royal Army and training came from Royal Army manuals. This quickly became impractical, however, and control passed to local leadership. By 1919, the quality of local IRA units was dependent upon the quality of local leadership, as most units were self-trained and self-financed. Virt

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