mbition, Freud found in the unconscious the thoughts or wishes, that, being incompatible with the ethical, aesthetic, and personal pretensions of the patient's personality, had been repressed. As Willis (1986) explains, "he went on to theorize that personality could be understood in an almost physical sense as the conflict between the ego (the reason that directs a persons's adaption to the environment, and the id (the primary instinct that drives an individual to aggressive and erotic thoughts)" (p. 459). A third component, the superego (the sublimation of the image of the parent that a child had constituted inside himself as a set of moral goals), competed with the ego for control of the individual. According to Freud, the task of the ego was tremendous because it had to sublimate or direct into permissible or socially useful channels the drive of the id, and, where it failed, the suppression of those drives
Freud's psychoanalysis was expensive. In the 1930s, toward the end of his life, he was charging around thirty dollars an hour for
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