Various Short Essays in Sociology

#1 "Ideology" may be defined as a system of ideas, theories, beliefs, attitudes, norms, and social practice that is first characteristic of a class society or a class or other primary social group in a class society and second that serves principally the interests of a class, typically a class in that society, or other primary social group while putting itself forward as answering to the interests of the whole of the society. The people who have been socialized into a particular ideology will see themselves and their own position within their social environment in terms of this system of ideas, beliefs, and values, and they will explain, evaluate, and justify the way they live in terms of this system. Karl Marx's view can be considered an ideology, and marx was well aware of the fact and wrote much about the meaning of ideology.

Marx was well aware of the power of ideas in inspiring people and in giving them the ability to understand the situations in which they find themselves. He saw ideas as having power such that they could become a material force as soon as they were grasped by the multitude. When Marx was working and writing, however, it was common to give the decisive role in history to ideas and consciousness, and Marx countered this with his historical materialism, which began from the ways in which social production of the means if life is effected. The basic structure of his theory is seen in the sum of the social relations of production, but upon this founda

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sions are made and goods allocated is fair and produces an acceptable result in the aggregate, even if an individual case justice might fail. Justice occurs when the distribution of political power and economic opportunity is as uniform as possible or when the social and political system is such that they tend toward a just distribution even if it is not achieved. Justice is clearly an ideal, and ideals are to be sought but may not be achievable. Justice is thus not defined by outcome but by the fairness of the process leading to an outcome. Justice has been a primary concept to be examined and defined by political and philosophical thinkers throughout history, and many have tried to develop a concept of an ideal state that would be based on justice. Aristotle sought justice and defined it as the chief basis of the state. Justice in this sense governs our dealings with other people. Justice cannot be left to any one man as arbiter because man is imperfect. In a social setting, the good can be maintained by the mass, whereas an individual might or might not promote the good. Tyranny is the degeneration of a monarchy so that the ruler serves his own interests and not those of the common good. When polity degenerates, the r

Category: Psychology - V