Liberal Defenses of Hierarchy in Education

If schools purport to be agents of social progress, it is their duty to insure that "out-group," or minority-status students, have equal access to education relative to individual differences. However, because sc

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t, that they are inferior. Whether they accept that image of inferiority and come to live as though it were true, or fight against it to prove to others that it is false, they have been damaged by that belief" (52). Racism from without can lead to racism within, as non-whites internalize commonly held perceptions. Assigning a single figure to intelligence in the form of an "I.Q.," or "Intelligence Quotient," is in itself indicative of what Gould considers the single number fallacy, or propensity for ranking, common to Western thought. De Castell warns, "By collapsing a whole complex of attributes into one single attribute, individuals are forced into a restrictive context of action and reaction, and all that they do is regarded and judged from a single standpoint" (52). Although the intelligence test is currently out of favor, it has not been abandoned entirely. In addition, since skin color is an easily identified characteristic--a marker, so to speak, just as the single number "I.Q."--it always remains, even though intelligence testing may have fallen on current disfavor. Unfortunately, the intent behind early hierarchical efforts to rank people according to head size or intelligence test levels never fades. As the dominant
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Approximate Word count = 2825
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)