The civil war in Ethiopia
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The civil war in Ethiopia involves a fight for independence by the province of Eritrea, and this war began in 1961. At that time, the central government in Addis Ababa, then the government of Haile Selassie, broke a United Nations sponsored autonomy plan for the region. Eritrea is the triangular northernmost province of Ethiopia. It is dominated by a range of mountains that flattens out to form the Barka Plains in the west, with an arm of the Danakil depression one of the hottest regions on earth extending in a southeasterly direction, along the Red Sea. The Greek name for the Red Sea was Erythra Thalassa, and it is from this that Eritrea derives its name. It consists of 46,000 square miles of land, or an area about the size of Pennsylvania or Mississippi. It is believed that this region holds the key to Ethiopia's political stability and territorial integrity. Without Eritrea, Ethiopia would be landlocked, as Selassie first and Mengistu after him understood full well:Behind all the mass executions, cabinet level shootouts, and opaque conspiracies that helped Mengistu consolidate his power in the late 1970s lay disagreements over the conduct of the war in Eritrea (Kaplan 60). During World War II, Eritrea was placed under British military administration in 1941 after the Italian surrender. A decision in 1950 by the UN General Assembly ended the British military administration by September 1952, and it was replaced by a new autonomous Eritrean government in federa
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y (Ethiopia: A Country Study).
The UN General Assembly approved a resolution on September 15, 1952 by a vote of forty seven to ten, and it provided that Eritrea should be linked to Ethiopia through a loose federal structure under the emperor's sovereignty but with a form and organization of internal self government. The federal government would control foreign affairs, defense, foreign and interstate commerce, transportation, and finance, while control over domestic affairs such as police, local administration, and taxation to meet its own budget would be controlled by an elected Eritrean assembly on the parliamentary model. The state would have its own administrative and judicial structure and its own flag (Ethiopia: A Country Study).
From the beginning of this federation, though, the emperor's representative undercut the territory's separate status under the federal system and in contravention of the UN plan. In August 1955, Tedla Bairu, an Eritrean who was the chief executive elected by the assembly, was forced to resign by pressure from the emperor, who replaced Tedla with his own nominee. This new executive made Amharic the official language in place of Arabic and Tigrinya, terminated the use of the Eritrean flag, an
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1354
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)
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