the black troupe Haverly's European Minstrels and would introduce many of his own songs. He wrote both lyrics and melodies, and his songs were an immediate success. Among his songs that are best remembered today are "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny," "Oh, Dem Golden Slippers," and "Hand Me Down My Walking Cane." Many of these songs were appropriated and performed by other minstrel singers, a common practice of the time (Brooks 176-177).
Even before Tin Pan Alley developed, there was another major publishing center in New Orleans, and Canal Street in New Orleans was associated with sheet music publishing as early as the 1870s, with about a dozen or so publishers working on or near the street and with some connected with music stores in the area. The popularity of the printed music published on Canal Street helped foster jazz in its formative period. Berry describes the region in the early 1900s as "a local version of Tin Pan Alley, the strip of song publishing offices in Manhattan where singers sold compositions and where
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