This research paper provides a description of stuttering. Three sections discussed include the following: description of the disorder; differential diagnoses; and treatment. The main feature of the diagnosis, stuttering, is a disturbance of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age, that is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds. Other speech dysfluencies such as interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, monosyllabic whole word repetitions, and words with excess physical tension, might be involved. Disturbances interfere with functioning (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), 1994, p. 63).
Associated features include anxiety, low self-esteem, unawareness, avoidance, and motor movements. The disorder, Stuttering is associated with Phonological Disorder and expressive Language Disorder (DSM-IV, 1994, pp. 64-65).
Psychodynamic theory of stuttering states that the stutterer is wo
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