is needed regarding online health care information. When access control to records is manual and procedural, technological security tools are needed to serve key functions. Availability and integrity include the insurance of accurate updated information. Accountability ensures that health providers provide responsible documentation. Perimeter definition refers to controlling boundaries of trusted access. Role/need-limited access enables needed access only and provides otherwise limited access to information. Comprehensibility and control ensure that record owners, data stewards, and patients understand and have control over aspects of information security and access (Rindfleisch, 1997, 96).
While access may cause harm, providers, researchers, and public health officials may seek access for better information. Records are sent to insurers to justify payment and research needs statistics. Accidental disclosures also occur. For example, a conversation may be overheard, a lab technician may notice tes
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