North & South Resources at Start of Civil War

Although by the end of the war the North would seem to hold an advantage over the South in terms of its infrastructure, in fact it was the case in 1861 that neither the North nor the South was prepared initially to wage a war (Garrison, 1998, p. 41).

The first important element in calculating the relative strength of the two sides is a simple assessment of the relative pool of labor û both civilian and military û that the two sides could draw on. With a population of 22 million, the North had a greater military potential. The South had a population of 9 million, but of that number, nearly 4 million were enslaved blacks whose loyalty to the Confederate cause was always in doubt. Although they initially relied on volunteers, necessity eventually forced both sides to resort to a military draft to raise an army. Before the war ended, the South had enlisted about 900,000 white males, and the Union had enrolled about 2 million men (including

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