the same treaty, and with the same membership (Brewin, 1987). Each of these organizations became functioning realities on 1 January 1958 (Brewin, & McAllister, 1988). Prior to the creation of the EEC and EURATOM, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) had been created by a treaty signed in Paris in 1951. The ECSC was comprised of the same six member countries which formed the EEC and EURATOM, and had become a functional reality on 10 August 1952.
Until 1 July 1967, each of the three communities the EEC, EURATOM, and ECSC functioned as separate entities, although there were some common institutions. On 1 July 1967, however, the executives of the three communities were merged into a single commission, and the goals and objectives of the three communities began to be pursued in a coordinated and cohesive manner.
The long term goals of the communities are (1) the integration of the economies of the member countries, and (2) political unity. Pursuit of economic integration has been both more rapid and more successful than has the pursuit of political unity, although economic integration has also been
beset with significant problems. The specific objectives of the three communities are as follows:
1. EURATOM: The goals and objectives of this organization are to: (a) supplement and coordinate the nuclear research conducted by member countries; (b) pool scientific information; (c) promote the training of scientists and technicians; and (d) establish and maintain a common market for nuclear materials and equipment.
2. ECSC: The goals and objectives of the ECSC are to: (a) establish and maintain a common market for coal and steel; and (b) establish a common energy policy for member countries.
3. EEC: The goals and objectives of this organization are to: (a) establish and maintain a customs union for member countries; (b) establish and maintain an economic union, which includes (1) common transport policies, (...