to following orders" (68). Moreover, they were offered attractive inducements: free transportation to and from the clinic; hot meals on examination days; free physical examinations; free treatment for minor ailments; and small burial stipends to be paid to their survivors. From the beginning, however, the experiments were based on a Big Lie, namely, that participants would be treated for what ailed them. They were never told they had syphilis, only that they had been selected because they had 'Bad Blood' for which early recruits were told they would be treated. Treatment in the form of minor dosages of arsenic derivatives was in fact provided to them during the first year of the project and some three percent of the patients showed some remission of symptoms. However, the new director of clinic, Dr. Raymond Vanderlehr, was against continuing these treatments. At meetings of leading PHS officials in 1933, Jones says "no one questioned whether the experiment was ethical; no one ever came close to doing so . . . Treatment was not discussed. Everyone at those mee
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