needs satisfaction (McKeachie, 1979; Begin, Settle, & Alexander, 1976). There are several variations of the needs satisfaction theories; however, all are related to either Abraham Maslow's (1954) hierarchy of needs or to Frederick Herzberg's (1966) two factor theory of motivation and hygiene. Although there are some similarities between the theories of Maslow and Herzberg, there are also some significant differences.
Maslow classifies human needs as either lower order or as higher order. Included in the lower order needs are those related to: basic drives, such as hunger, thirst, and sex; and
security, which includes protection from the elements (through the use of shelter and clothing), as well as freedom from threats either physical dangers or threats to one's ability to function in modern society, such as the loss of income. In Maslow's hierarchy, the higher order needs are associated with: social factors a ne
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