on of Childhood" (Erk, 1995, p. 1). ADHD can have numerous and varying characteristics for each individual. However, in general, it can be said that ADHD is characterized by the brain's inability to be attentive to a subject, for what is considered by professionals in the field, to be a normal period of time. Added to this is a physical and/or emotional impulsiveness.
The Diagnostic Statistical Manual, a diagnostic tool used by professionals in the field, gives examples of inattention, and hyperactivity. Examples of inattention include failure to give attention to details, not seeming to listen when spoken to, being easily distracted, forgetfulness in daily activities, and making careless mistakes in various daily activities. Hyperactivity can include fidgeting with hands and feet, squirming, leaving a room, such as in a classroom situation where remaining seated is expected, climbing, or running, or otherwise behaving in a restless manner in situations when it is inappropriate to do so, or talking excessively. People with ADHD have difficulty in sustaining attention in tasks or play activities (Barabasz et al, 1996).
A number of alternative treatments have been discussed in the literature, and this is especially true recently as Ritalin has come under fire as a beneficial treatment. For example, Pelham (1993) states that:
Pharmacological intervention has been the most widely used and recommended intervention for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for the past 25 years (Pelham, 1993, p. 1).
According to Pelham, there are three psychostimulants most used. These are methylphenidate or MPH; Ritalin, dextroamphetamine or
Dexedrine, and pemoline or Cylert. This particular class of drugs takes effect, (within 30 to 90 minutes), and wears off quickly, (4 to 10 hours, depending on the drug) (Pelham Jr., 1993).
Although Ritalin is often, the most commonly used drug, Dexedrin, and Cylert h...