Economic Sector of Indonesia
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Indonesia is a nation formed in 1949. The region was formerly under the control of the Netherlands. Indonesia is composed of the islands of Java and Madura, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi (Celebes), Bangka Belitung, the Riau Archipelago, the Moluccas, and the Nusa Tenggara Islands (including Bali and Timor). In 1963 Indonesia also assumed sovereignty over Irian Jaya, formerly Netherlands New Guinea. In 1976, East Timor joined Indonesia as the 27th province. Indonesia today has a well-diversified economy. Every sector of the Indonesian economy plays an important role. The country has a strong agricultural potential, and thus agriculture has historically been the dominant activity, both in terms of employment and output. The mining sector has also made important contributions as the nation has a vast range of mineral resources. The industrial sector has expanded rapidly and has been given a particular emphasis by the government as a way of diversifying the economy and improving the ability of the country to compete in terms of trade. The importance of the industrial sector, especially the government-owned segment of that sector, will be examined in terms of how it has developed and how it affects the other sectors of the economy. As noted, Indonesia became independent in 1949, and in the first phase from 1950 to 1965, the society remained deeply divided by ethnic, regional, class, and religious differences. The nation had a unitary political sys
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orts over the last several years, Indonesia remains a major exporter of raw, unprocessed commodities, which means that the economy is vulnerable to any major slowdown in the industrialized world (Doing Business in Indonesia, 1989, 10).
Economic development has been uneven through the different provinces of Indonesia, and extensive regional imbalances have arisen primarily from variations in the resource endowments of the different areas. By far the highest level of development has been achieved on Java and Bali, which are the two most densely populated islands in the country. They also possess some of the most fertile agricultural soils and have historically enjoyed the best infrastructural facilities. These regions have continued to record real economic growth rates averaging 7.6 percent per year in Java and 8.6 percent per year in Bali since 1987-1992, and the pattern of this growth has tended to be well balanced, with all sectors experiencing some expansion. Industry and tourism-based services, however, predominate in the two. Outside these two regions, development has proceeded more slowly and has often been concentrated in areas endowed with a suitable environment for the cultivation of cash crops or with mineral resource
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Approximate Word count = 2831
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)
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