hat the return on this type of direct subsidizing of businesses is minimal (reluctance to produce figures is indicative of this in its own right). They conclude that IRBs that are handed out without being part of an overall economic plan, and without guarantees from companies, are a poor reinvestment tool. But controlled use of IRBs may be effective.
On the social costs of the relationship between private sector investment and urban locales, Feagin treats the costs of fast growth with a relatively weak local government in the case of Houston while Hill and Indergaard study the effects of the steel industry's deinvestment in the "Downriver" section of
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