ith their fathers and with their mothers. They were also asked to report on their use of psychoactive drugs.
Findings showed that drug users were more likely than non-users to perceive their families as distant and less involved, with poor communications, mistrusting and punitive. Fathers were more likely perceived to be ineffective, and less significant than mothers. Regarding substance abuse, it was found that drug users reported more parental separation, divorce, re-marriage and bereavement than non-users.
Needle (1990) examined substance use in adolescents who experienced parental divorce during childhood, during adolescence, or who were from intact families. Adolescence divorce group had greater overall drug involvement.
It was also found that divorce had negative effect on boys but not on girls. Further, custodial parents' remarriage led to increased substance use among girls, but decreased reports of substance use consequences among boys.
Most of the research just discussed has been very current. However, it is
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