Unhealthy ties between private businessmen and Party and government officials were eliminated by a Three-Anti Campaign (corruption, waste, and bureaucracy) and by the Five-Anti Campaign (bribery, theft of state property, tax evasion, theft of economic secrets, and embezzlement in carrying out government contracts). Landlord power was broken with the land reform effort.
The Chinese leadership now also decided to defend the revolution outside the nation's borders as well, and this was in sharp contrast to the weak resistance the former regime had shown in previous eras to gun-boat diplomacy and full-scale invasion alike. There was a certain cost in this effort that may have delayed economic reconstruction, but the Chinese saw it as an important effort. The campaign again mobilized support from the country.
In the late 1950s the effort to reshap
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