Overview of Bahrain
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Bahrain is an archipelago in the Persian Gulf off the coast of Saudi Arabia, a series of islands that are generally level expanses of sand and rock and with a causeway connecting the country to Saudi Arabia. The government is a traditional monarchy. Oil was discovered in Bahrain in the 1930s, but it was not a great deal of oil when compared to the other Gulf states. Sheik Isa ibn-Sulman al-Khalifa became emir in 1961 with a determination to diversify his country's economy. He set about establishing Bahrain as a major financial center. Since then, the country also provides the populace with free medical care, education, and old-age pensions ("Bahrain" Infoplease). The political structure of Bahrain allows for a degree of participation in the political process on the part of the citizenry, but at the same time the political reality is that one family controls the political life of the country and constitutes the government of Bahrain and has for some time. The Al Khalifa family is headed by Sheikh Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifa, the eleventh ruler of the Al Khalifa dynasty, which has ruled the country since 1783. He has been the ruler of Bahrain for 35 years and succeeded to the throne in 1961 when his father died. At that time, Bahrain was still a British protectorate, and Isa ibn Salman negotiated the termination of Bahrain's dependent status after the British announced in 1968 that they would withdraw all their defense forces from the Persian Gulf r
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r Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War, but Bahrain also fully supported the decision in 1990 for the UN economic sanctions against Iraq and also allowed the stationing of US troops and combat aircraft in Bahrain ("Bahrain: An Introductory Survey" 476). Bahrain has been having more difficulty with internal matters than with relations with other countries in part because of the slowness of democratization.
Oil revenues accounted for more than half the government budget until the 1980s, but the ruling family recognized even then that the oil wells of the nation had a limited productive capacity and that the oil reserves would probably be exhausted by the end of this century. The government decided to base the country's long-term economic health on commercial and industrial diversification and so started joint-venture projects in the construction of several enterprises, such as an aluminum plant in 1972, a ship repair yard in 1977, an iron foundry in 1984, a chemical factory in 1985, and a pharmaceutical facility in 1993. The nation also built an efficient communications system and adopted relatively liberal financial policies and so emerged in the 1980s as a principal center for regional banking, insurance, and business operations.
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Approximate Word count = 2007
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
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