Methodological Research Project Design

PROJECT FOR TEACHING ENGLISH-AS-A-FOREIGN

The theoretical basis of the research

Logical positivism has been and still is the scientific method most "widely used in both the natural and social sciences" (Borg & Gall, 1989, p. 16). One of its major principles is verifiability. One of its major methodologies is observation. Clearly, observation is value-laden--an attribute which contradicts strict verifiability.

Postpositivistic philosophy accepts as given the fact that science is theory- and value-laden. Yet, it has led to methodologies used increasingly in educational research, in spite of its relativistic aspect. What replaces strict verifiability are the weight of evidence, however "unscientific", and practical deliberation (Garrison, 1986, pp. 12-18), i.e. the consensus of practitioners.

In this paper, I have adopted this postpositivistic stance, because, in the absence of a truly scientific approach, it makes sense and, through a combination of observation, testing, and professional opinions, it currently offers the only viable and reasonable possibility. Of course, I have been concerned with generalizability, but I believe that, although there are individual fluctuations in learning modes, there are likewise general mechanisms that hold across individuals. In this perspective, I believe that my methodological approach is valid and most appropriate.

The methodological basis of the research

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egret, remorse, or sorrow for having insulted, failed, injured, or wronged another. It consists of a formulaic, routinized expression containing some explicit performative verb, such as "I'm sorry", "Excuse me", "I regret", "I apologize", and the expression of responsibility which reflects the speaker's degree of willingness to admit to fault for the offense. Intensifiers are often used in these formulaic expressions; words, such as "very", "terribly", "really" and some combinations thereof. Example: "I'm terribly sorry! It will not happen again, Teacher." Objective No. 2: Requests. A request is the verbalization of a wish which is perceived as within the capability of the hearer to grant. Three major categories of strategies will be studied, viz. the explicit imposition, the conventionalized routine, and the indirect hint. According to Blum-Kulka (1983); Blum-Kulka, Danet, & Gherson (1985); and Blum-Kulka & Olshtain (1984), the explicit most direct strategies in the English language are usually realized by syntactic requests such as the imperatives or other performatives (see Austin, 1962); the conventionalized requests are polite realizations through conventional forms such as yes-no questions, with modals ("Could you please he
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Approximate Word count = 2807
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)

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