. The link between hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is well-documented by medical research. Likewise, hypertension can increase a person's chances of getting kidney damage (renal disease) or having a stroke. The higher the blood pressure, the greater the risk of morbidity or mortality from such disorders.
In the Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V Report), a new classification of blood pressure emphasizes the need for intervention for all cases of hypertension. An adult classified with Normal blood pressure has readings less than 130/85 systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. (The systolic measurement represents the maximum pressure produced in the artery as the heart contracts and the flow of blood begins. The diastolic reading is the lowest pressure that remains within the artery when the heart is in its resting stage.) The optimal blood pressure in terms of CVD risk is less than 120/80. High Normal blood pressure ranges between 130-139/85-89. Four stages of hypertension are detailed, ranging from Mild to Moderate to Severe to Very Severe. In addition, the JNC V Report outlines follow up recommendations, based on the initial set of blood pressure measurements. Adults with normal blood pressure should be rechecked in two years, High Normal in one year. Evidence of hypertension calls for monthly or even weekly follow up, and in cases of Stage 4 (Very Severe) hypertension evaluation or referral to a source of care should take place immediately (Young, 1995, p. 302).
The most common nonpharmacological intervention for hypertension is dietary therapy, particularly that which targets weight loss. According to Dubbert (1995), " . . . most reviewers agree that weight reduction is the single strongest nonpharmacologic treatment now available in hypertension prevention and treatment" (p. 194). As a person's body weight in...