ingful performance evaluation process, increased and more focused training, and the implementation of sophisticated technology to insure that government can continue to deliver services to the public within the provided revenue amounts. In addition to these remedies, Cayer (Hays & Kearney, 1990, 268) reports that government has increased the amount of "contracting out," so that expenditures can be markedly curbed. "The cost savings are supposed to come from avoidance of long-term benefit investments, greater flexibility in use of personnel, and performance standards in the contracts" (268). Other remedies include flexible benefits packages, two-tiered salary systems, and non-adversarial negotiations between unions and management (Cole, 1986). Although some remedies have produced less than expected outcomes, public human resource managers continue to use them while searching for other ways to increase productivity in the face of declining revenues.
Lee (1979) reports that the 1978 Civil Service Reform Act was legislated and enacted as a means of containing
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