Springtime Storms

Individual storms can exhibit considerable variability (Whitaker & Dole, 1995, p. 1178). However, certain factors are thought to promote severe storm formation. Such circumstances may relate to atmospheric pressure, temperature, and wind direction. In addition, meso-scale features can also play a critical role in the development of severe storms (Davis & Rogers, 1992, pp. 329-330).

In general, storms develop from low-pressure systems. Prior to the development of a big storm, a weather map might show several areas of weak low pressure. The transformation of a weak surface low into a severe storm, requires upper-level atmospheric support. Such support usually comes in the form of a more widespread area of low pressure known as a trough (Collins, 1995, pp. 81-84). While a surface low can provide air with a lifting mechanism, the trough enables the full development of convection (Davis & Rogers, 1992, pp. 319-330).

In addition to pressure, temperature is also an important factor in

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east towards the bulge's front side, or the warm front boundary. Furthermore, the model predicts that at the bulge's peak--where the two fronts merge--a low-pressure center will develop. While the Norwegian model does provide a rather simplistic description of warm and cold fronts, more recent investigations reveal that the situation is a bit more complicated. For example, it has been observed that warm and cold fronts may also form some distance away from the polar front. In fact, the two fronts can be generated anywhere that temperatures are changing sufficiently to create a low-pressure system. All that warm and cold fronts require is enough atmospheric disturbance to start a cyclone (Kira, 1991, p. 1591). Severe springtime storms are often generated around occluded fronts. This weather phenomenon consists of a combination of both a warm and a cold front: An occluded front generally occurs when "a cold front overruns a warm front" (Collins, 1995, pp. 81-84). The presence of an occluding front suggests that a region's low-pressure area has been deepening. Moreover, the circulation around that low-pressure area may also be increasing. Davis & Rogers (1992) used 21 years of late spring and summer surface and upper a
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