al opportunity must involve tradeoffs with economic efficiency, and must be provided at the expense of someone else.
In addition to the relationship that exists between equal opportunity and economic efficiency, there exists the very real question of what exactly is meant by equal opportunity. This question is significant, because the relationship between two factors cannot be effectively analyzed, if one has not defined one of the factors.
Equality of opportunity for employment is one form of equal opportunity. Equal opportunity of this type, however, may mean that persons must be given an opportunity to demonstrate that they are as productive in a specific function as another person. Some proponents of affirmative action contend further, however, that such a definition also means that potential employers must accommodate their facilities and productive processes for the needs of people who may not be productive otherwise. If that interpretation is allowed to stand, then real costs for employers are associated with affirmative action in relation
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