st manner whether their racism derives from their own personal views or because of features of their organization's procedures, policies, or practices and thus whether it can be considered "classic" racism or institutional racism (Howitt and Owusu-Bempah, 1990, 884).
Relations between the police and the black community have long been tense. In some regions, the police are viewed as an occupying army present not to protect the people but to control them and to keep them in their place. Numerous civil disturbances in recent decades can be traced to tensions between the police and the black community, from the riots of the summer of 1965 to the riot in Los Angeles after the first
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