El Nino Phenomenon
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The El Nio Southern Oscillation phenomenon affects the global climate; it is important that scientists, economists and medical personnel understand El Nio implications on the climate. The El Nio phenomenon is part of the larger climatic phenomenon known as the Southern Oscillation. The joint actions of these two weather phenomenon are known as ENSO (El Nio-Southern Oscillation) events. The extreme weather patterns which can be produced by an ENSO event can cause devastation around the world. El Nio is associated with ecological, economic, and medical disasters that coincide with torrential floods in the eastern Pacific, devastating droughts over the western tropical Pacific, and unusual weather throughout the rest of the world (6, 4). Teleconnection to most of the world's climate mean that changes in the El Nio-Southern Oscillation are felt globally. ENSO events cause drought in India and Africa. At the same time they can cause flooding or extra rainfall in the South, Central and North Americas. The ENSO of 1982-83 was responsible for severe flooding in Peru; catastrophic fires occurred in Australia and Indonesia (7, 260). Mass migration to the coast, famine and epidemics, in which one-third of the population died, in Ethiopia were the result of activity of the ENSO in 1888-89 (5, 1284). The same year, 1888-89, India also experienced drought induced famine; Australia experienced drought followed by flooding. In 1988, North America suffered through an excep
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eads to profound changes in precipitation patterns (1, 1790). The principal result of the Southern Oscillation is the large scale atmospheric movement in the tropics that corresponds to thermal circulations (6, 12). These motions take place over the course of weeks and longer. Moisture-laden air concentrates onto the warmest regions on the earth's surface where it condenses. This causes these regions to have a heavier cloud cover and greater precipitation (6, 12). This is what causes the normal monsoon season in the western tropical Pacific region.
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) consists of a band oriented west-to-east of convective rainfall extending across the whole Pacific from the Philippines to the Central American coast (6, 13). The ITCZ falls between 8 degrees north and 15 degrees north. South of the equator is the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). It is broader extending from New Guinea to the Polynesian region. It is a region with heavy precipitation (6, 13).
The cool phase of El Nio episodes is characterized by the zonal Walker circulation. Walker circulation is when easterly winds occur at the surface and the Indonesian Low convective maximum develops over the western Pacific maritime conti
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2760
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)
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