maternal beliefs in positive aspects of spanking, Turner and Finkelhor (1996) reported that corporal punishment by parents results in psychological distress and depression in the child.
Davis (1999) also reported that national survey data has shown a decrease in support for corporal punishment in the U. S. since the late 1960s and that these changes are particularly reflected in women who are highly educated or live in regions other than the South. In a study showing the cessation of spanking as children got older, these changes were made by middle-class, college-educated women who had taken parent-education classes.
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