untries are moving away from MPAs towards a total ecosystem approach (Tools, 1996). In this way, they can utilize various government agencies involved in coastal zone resource management. This method can be seen in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia and the Florida Keys National marine Sanctuary in the United States. A larger application, such as the regional program in the Mediterranean basin, involve 18 countries who have worked together since 1976. International agreements spread even further, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which establishes national sovereignty over marine resources living in waters within 12 miles of the coast, and lesser rights in a 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ); the U. N. Conference on Straddling Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, which regulates the catching of deep-water and migratory fish such as tuna, swordfish and cod; the Convention on Biological Diversity, which requires countries to develop strategies for sustainable use and protection of biodiversity; and the UNEP Conference on Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based
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